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Martian language
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Martian language (), sometimes also called brain-disabled characters (), is the nickname of unconventional representation of Chinese characters online by various methods. For example, "一個人的時候" ( yīgèréndeshíhòu, "When one is alone") can be changed into "ㄧㄍ人ㄉ時候" since the word ( ) is consonant of and the word ( ) is consonant of the word in .


Origin
The etymology of the word, "Martian language", is mostly believed to come from the 2001 Hong Kong comedy , in which Sing () tells Mui (): "Go back to Mars. The Earth is so dangerous."

Martian language originated in Taiwan with the introduction of Chinese and . It later began to catch on in when online games like were introduced in China.


General aspects
The Martian language is written in Chinese using various substitution methods. Similarly to , where certain Latin letters are replaced by numerals (such as "3" for "e"), Martian language replaces standard Chinese characters with nonstandard or foreign characters. Each Chinese character may be replaced with:

  1. A character that is a (quasi-)homophone, either from , , or foreign languages.
  2. A character that looks similar, such as one with a shared radical.
  3. A character with identical or similar meaning.
  4. characters, .

Characters used for substitution can include not only other Chinese characters, but also , , , , , , or other characters defined in . For example, "謝謝" ("thank you") can be replaced by , a similar sound of "thank you" in English. is commonly replaced with , as it has the same intended meaning in Japanese.

In pictograph characters, can express a deep sense of helplessness, frustration, or utmost sincerity, since it resembles the act of . Similarly, can indicate embarrassment because of its similar appearance to a human face.

Substituting characters by similar appearance may involve splitting Chinese radicals. For example, "强" (strong) can replaced with "弓虽". Substitutions can also use characters from another language or script. For example, can be understood as laughter since its simplified form, "厂厂", looks similar to , a common expression of laughter in Taiwan.

There is no universal way of encoding standard Chinese to the Martian language, though some substitutions are popular and have even leaked into standard and spoken language, such as (lit. river crab) for (harmony), (lit. leaf jade essay, also having the format of a person's name) for ().


Usage
In the 2006 General Scholastic Ability Test of , students were asked to interpret symbols and phrases written in "Martian language" based on contexts written in standard language. Controversies which followed forced the testing center to abandon the practice in future exams.

Chinese online netizens later followed the trend of using Martian language since they found their posts written in the new language could more easily pass keyword filtering censorship. For example, when the censorship censored information about , the netizens used Martian language to deceive the censorship.


See also


External links

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